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Galaxy Nebula Evolution
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Galaxy Nebula Evolution
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==Models== ===Appearance=== The properties of a Galaxy Nebula object listed [[Galaxy Nebula Evolution#Properties|above]] affect the nebula's appearance. ====Stars, Gas, and Dust==== Stars in a Galaxy Nebula object are represented by small points of colored light. Gas and dust are more diffuse, or spread out, in a nebula. The gas content in a Galaxy Nebula represents the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud interstellar gas] that forms stars, while the dust content represents the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_dust interstellar dust]. The simulated gas emits light while the simulated dust blocks light. ====Star Temperature==== The color of a Galaxy Nebula is based on the Average Star Temperature property, just as the color of [[Star]] objects is based on their [[Effective Temperature]]. Higher Average Star Temperatures indicate younger, hotter, more massive stars, and make the nebula more blue. Lower Average Star Temperatures indicate older, cooler, less massive stars, and make the nebula more red or yellow. ===Irregular Galaxies=== The Average Star Temperature of a Galaxy Nebula in an irregular galaxy is randomly chosen from the range of 3500-36500 K. Nebulae in irregular galaxies are given a Dust Fraction of 0%, a Gas Fraction of 60%, and a Star Fraction of 40%. ===Elliptical Galaxies=== The Average Star Temperature of a Galaxy Nebula in an elliptical galaxy is set to 3500 K. Nebulae in elliptical galaxies are given a Dust Fraction of 0%. The Gas Fraction of a nebula depends on its distance from the black hole at the center of the galaxy, and will change as the nebula orbits closer to and farther from the center. Nebulae closer to the center will have higher Gas Fractions than nebulae at the outer edges of the galaxy. The Star Fraction will represent the remaining mass in the nebulae that is not in the gas, i.e., the Star Fraction is 100% minus the Gas Fraction. ===Spiral Galaxies=== The Average Star Temperature of a Galaxy Nebula in a spiral galaxy depends on the nebula's distance from the black hole at the center of the galaxy and will change as the nebula orbits closer to and farther from the center. Nebulae closer to the center will have a lower Average Star Temperature compared with nebulae at the outer edges of the galaxy. In the bulge of the galaxy, the Gas Fraction of the nebulae also depends on the distance of the nebulae from the center, with nebulae closer to the center having larger Gas Fractions. The nebulae in the bulge are given Dust Fractions equal to 0%, and Star Fractions such that the sum of the Gas Fraction and the Star Fraction is 100%. In the disk of the galaxy, the relative star, gas, and dust content is based on the nebula's [[True Anomaly]]. This allows Universe Sandbox to simulate real effects seen in spiral galaxies, like bright spiral arms and dark dust lanes, that are created by physical processes that are not currently simulated by Universe Sandbox, like shock waves and star formation. When the nebula is in a spiral arm, as measured by its True Anomaly, the nebula's Dust Fraction is 0%, its Gas Fraction is 60%, and its Star Fraction is 40%. When the nebula is between spiral arms, its Gas Fraction is set to 0%, its Dust Fraction is calculated based on how close the nebula is to the next spiral arm, and its Star Fraction is set such that the sum of the Dust Fraction and the Star Fraction is 100%. [[Category:Galaxies]] [[Category:Simulation]]
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